Kiddushin, Daf Lammed Zayin, Part 6

 

Introduction

Earlier we concluded that the words settlement and entrance imply that the mitzvah is obligatory only in Israel. But there are mitzvoth, such as Shabbat, that use these words and yet are still obligatory everywhere. Why then are these words used in those contexts?

 

והשתא דאמרת חובת הגוף נוהגת בין בא"י בין בח"ל מושב דכתב רחמנא גבי שבת ל"ל

איצטריך ס"ד אמינא הואיל ובענינא דמועדות כתיבא תיבעי קידוש כי מועדות קמ"ל 

 

Now that you say that a personal duty must be practiced both inside the Land and outside the Land, settlement, which the Torah wrote in connection with Shabbat, why do I need it?

It is necessary. Lest I would say: Since it is written in the chapter on Festivals, it requires sanctification, like the Festivals; therefore it teaches us [that it is not so].

 

Leviticus 23:3 states that Shabbat should be observed in all of your settlements. The verse emphasizes that Shabbat is obligatory everywhere lest we think that it requires sanctification as do the Festivals. This refers to the sanctification of the new moon by the court, a practice done only in Judea. Shabbat is not dependent on the new moon, and therefore it is observed in all your settlements.

 

מושב דכתב רחמנא גבי חלב ודם למה לי איצטריך סד"א הואיל ובענינא דקרבנות כתיבי בזמן דאיכא קרבן ניתסר חלב ודם בזמן דליכא קרבן לא קמ"ל

 

Settlement written by the Torah in connection with forbidden fat and blood, what do I need it for? It is necessary, lest I say, Since it is written in the section on sacrifices, as long as sacrifices are practiced, forbidden fat and blood are forbidden, when there are no sacrifices, they are not. Therefore it teaches us [otherwise].

 

Leviticus 3:17 states, A perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your settlements, that you shall eat neither forbidden fat nor blood. The word settlements emphasizes that the prohibition of forbidden fat and blood is obligatory even when sacrifices are no longer practiced. After the destruction of the Temple, these parts of an animal remain prohibited.

 

מושב דכתב רחמנא גבי מצה ומרור למה לי איצטריך סד"א הואיל וכתיב (במדבר ט, יא) על מצות ומרורים יאכלוהו בזמן דאיכא פסח אין בזמן דליכא פסח לא קמ"ל

 

Settlement written by the Torah in connection with matzah and marror, what do I need it for? It is necessary, lest I would have said, since it is written: They shall eat it [the Passover sacrifice] with matzah and marror (Numbers 9:11), when there is a Passover sacrifice, [these must be eaten], when there is no Passover sacrifice, they need not [be eaten], therefore it teaches us [that it is not so].

 

Exodus 12:20 states, In all your dwellings you shall eat matzah in order to emphasize that one must eat matzah and marror even after the Passover sacrifice is no longer eaten i.e. after the destruction of the Temple.

 

ביאה דכתב רחמנא גבי תפילין ופטר חמור למה לי ההוא מיבעי ליה לכדתנא דבי ר’ ישמעאל עשה מצוה זו שבשבילה תיכנס לארץ 

Entrance which the Torah wrote in connection with tefillin and the first born of a donkey, why do I need it? It is needed for what the School of Ishmael taught: Perform this mitzvah, for on its account you shall enter the land.

 

Exodus 13:11, which deals with tefillin and redeeming the first born of a donkey uses the word entrance. Why do we need this word after all, both mitzvoth are obligatory everywhere, and not just in the Land? These mitzvoth were performed in the wilderness and through them Israel entered the Land. They are not mitzvoth dependent on the Land. They are mitzvoth on which entrance into the Land is dependent.